When people hear the term pitbull dog, they often picture a strong, muscular dog with a broad head and a deep chest, exuding confidence and power. However, it might surprise you to learn that a pitbull dog is not a specific breed. Instead, the term serves as an umbrella for a group of bully-type breeds known for their medium-sized build and affectionate nature.
The American Pit Bull Terrier is the only breed officially bearing the term “pit bull” in its name, but other breeds such as the American Staffordshire Terrier and Staffordshire Bull Terrier are also commonly categorized as “pitbulls.” This classification is not based on their genetic heritage but rather on shared physical traits such as a short-haired coat, a muscular frame, and a broad appearance.
From my own experience with these amazing dogs, I’ve noticed how unfair the discrimination against them can be. People often associate them with aggression due to their history in bull baiting and dogfighting sports, but those who have raised them know better. These dogs are incredibly playful, gentle, and loyal, especially when given proper training and care.
As someone who has spent time with families owning pitbulls, I can attest to their role as lovable pets who are eager to please and thrive in a family environment. Whether as working dogs or companions, these breeds showcase a balance of strength and affection that few others can match.
AKC & UKC Pitbull-type Breeds
The AKC and UKC categorize four main breeds as part of the pitbull-type group. The American Pit Bull Terrier is celebrated for its athletic build and medium size, ideal for both companionship and work. The American Staffordshire Terrier is shorter and stockier, known for its sturdy frame and friendly demeanor. The Staffordshire Bull Terrier, the smallest, is cherished for its compact size and affectionate nature. Meanwhile, the American Bully is the most diverse, with three sizes—pocket, standard/classic, and XL—appealing to a range of preferences.
From my experience, these Terrier Group breeds are full of energy and loyalty. It’s common to mistake the American Bully for the American Bulldog, but their traits and roles differ. Whether it’s the athleticism of the American Pit Bull Terrier or the versatility of the American Bully, each breed in this category has unique qualities that make it a wonderful choice for devoted dog lovers.
History of Pitbull Breeds
In the early 19th century, pitbull-type dogs were bred in England and called Bull and Terriers, a cross between bulldogs and terriers. These dogs were highly valued for their ability to herd and manage livestock, as well as protect farms and safeguard homes. Unfortunately, their history also includes involvement in inhumane practices like bull-baiting and dog fighting, which are now recognized as illegal activities. It’s worth noting that these cruel uses were not limited to pitbull-type dogs but included many other breeds during that time.
By the 20th century, pitbull-type dogs had become one of America’s most popular family pets. They even appeared on World War I and World War II recruitment posters, earning them the nickname America’s dog. Today, they are celebrated for their excellent temperament and excel as service dogs, therapy dogs, K9 police dogs, and family companions. From my experience, these dogs demonstrate remarkable loyalty and versatility, making them a favorite for countless roles in modern society.
The ‘Pitbull’ Label
The ‘Pitbull’ label has a complex history that dates back to 16th century England, where it was used as a broad and informal term for any dog involved in bull-baiting, an inhumane practice that involved dogs seizing tethered animals, such as bulls, in an enclosed area called a pit. At that time, the term did not refer to specific pitbull-type dogs, but rather a variety of breeds and mixes, including bulldogs, terriers, and even Mastiffs.
This behavior wasn’t an innate characteristic of the dogs but was taught and developed through training, much like teaching a dog to sit or fetch. Over time, this brutal activity was outlawed, and the label evolved into what we recognize today. In modern usage, ‘pitbull’ has become an umbrella term, loosely describing medium-sized, short-haired dogs with physical traits similar to bully-type breeds. While the American Pit Bull Terrier is the only official breed with ‘pit bull’ in its name, over 20 different breeds and countless mixes share these traits.
A study in canine genetics revealed that 98% of dogs identified as having pitbull-type ancestry are actually mixed breed, with less than 50% genetic makeup from pitbull-type breeds. This means many dogs casually identified as pitbulls or pitbull mixes are often entirely different breeds or a blend of multiple breeds, demonstrating that the label is more visual than scientific.
Different Types of Pitbull Breeds:
American Bulldog
The American Bulldog is one of the different types of pitbulls breeds, descended from English bulldogs developed in the 17th century for bull baiting—a cruel blood sport where dogs fought bulls. Over time, these strong and resilient dogs became popular in North America as hardworking farm helpers and loyal companions. Despite their large size, they are incredibly affectionate with their families, often trying to sit in laps like smaller dogs. Known for their love of kids and protective nature, they make wonderful pets. However, proper training and socialization from puppyhood are essential to ensure they are friendly to strangers.
Physical Characteristics
- Height: 20 to 28 inches
- Weight: 60 to 120 pounds
- Build: Stocky, deep chest, short muzzle
- Coat: Usually white with patches of brindle, red, black, brown, or gray
In my experience, the American Bulldog is both powerful and gentle, with a loyal personality that makes it an excellent guardian and playful family member. Early socialization helps balance their protective instincts, ensuring they adapt well to any household.
American Pit Bull Terrier
The American Pit Bull Terrier is one of the most recognized types of pitbull breeds. Known for its muscular build, broad head, and strong jaw, this breed traces its origins back to the 19th century, when terriers and bulldogs from the United Kingdom were bred for bull baiting and later dogfighting. By the late 19th century, the breed took shape in North America and became a loyal and affectionate family companion. Though they may have a high prey drive and don’t always get along with other dogs, they form strong bonds with their families and are known to be exceptionally gentle with proper training and socialization.
Key Features
- Size: Medium-sized, 17 to 20 inches tall, weighing 30 to 65 pounds
- Coat: Short, available in black, white, brindle, fawn, blue, red, brown, tan, and gray
- Traits: Athletic, tenacious, stable, and incredibly loyal
- Recognition: Acknowledged by the United Kennel Club, though not recognized by the American Kennel Club
The American Pit Bull Terrier is one of the most admired breeds of pit bulls, perfect for those looking for an active and devoted companion. Proper socialization and training bring out their best qualities, making them a standout choice among dog enthusiasts.
American Staffordshire Terrier
The American Staffordshire Terrier is one of the most notable pitbull dog types, recognized for its strength and friendly temperament. Originating from terriers and bulldogs of 19th century England, it was further developed in North America during the late 19th century, growing larger than its English relatives. Unlike other pit bull breed types, it was bred for mellow offspring, making it less aggressive, though it may still have a high prey drive and might not always get along with other dogs. This breed is loyal, playful, and good-natured, thriving in households that offer plenty of canine interaction, exercise, and play.
Key Characteristics
- Size: 17 to 19 inches tall, weighing 50 to 80 pounds
- Coat: Short, available in black, brown, blue, fawn, red, liver, with brindle patterns and white markings
- Traits: Stocky build, larger head in proportion to the body, and reliable temperament
The American Staffordshire Terrier is often mistaken for the American Pit Bull Terrier, but they differ in structure and personality. Recognized by the American Kennel Club in the 1930s, this breed became popular on farms for its reliability and affectionate nature. When considering what kinds of pitbulls are there or how many types of pitbulls are there, the American Staffordshire Terrier remains a favorite for its adaptability and people-oriented demeanor.
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is a favorite among all kinds of pitbulls, celebrated for its loyalty, strength, and affectionate personality. Bred in England’s Staffordshire region during the 19th century, this type of pit originated from bulldogs and terriers, initially used for bull baiting and dogfighting. Today, they are lovingly known as “nanny dogs” due to their patience and gentle nature with children. These pitbull varieties thrive in active households with plenty of company, attention, and exercise, as they can develop separation anxiety if left alone too often.
Key Features
- Size: 14 to 16 inches tall, weighing 24 to 38 pounds
- Coat: Short and smooth, with colors like black, blue, brindle, fawn, and white
- Traits: Compact, muscular, courageous, and even-tempered
Though smaller than other American pitbull types, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier brings unmatched courage and adaptability. Among the types of pit breeds, their combination of strength, playfulness, and devotion makes them a standout choice for families and enthusiasts alike.
American Bully
The American Bully is a newer addition to all breeds of pitbull, developed in the ’80s and ’90s by crossing the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, and other bulldog-type breeds, such as the English Bulldog. Officially recognized by the United Kennel Club in 2013, but not yet by the American Kennel Club, this pitbull breed name is known for its broad, compact build and gentle temperament. Unlike other pit bull types, the American Bully was bred to be both affectionate and people-friendly, while still maintaining its strength and athleticism. These dogs thrive with regular exercise, socialization, and plenty of attention to stay happy and healthy.
Key Features
- Size: 13 to 20 inches tall, weighing 65 to 85 pounds
- Coat: Short, smooth, available in a variety of colors and patterns
- Build: Broad, compact, muscular, with a wider head and skin folds around the neck
- Varieties: Four sizes, including pocket and extra-large
Among different pits, the American Bully stands out for its balance of power and affection. Their adaptable and loyal nature makes them an excellent choice for families seeking a unique and loving companion.
The Breeds Often Misidentified as Pitbulls
There are over 20 breeds and countless mixed breeds that share physical traits with pitbull-type dogs, leading to frequent misidentification. These dogs often have similar appearances, but many of them are larger breeds and belong to the Working Group category rather than being classified as pitbull-type breeds by any canine organizations. For instance, breeds like the Bullmastiff, Dogo Argentino, American Bulldog, and Cane Corso are often mistaken for pitbulls due to their muscular build and similar features, despite not being related in lineage.
The Bullmastiff, weighing 100-130 lbs and standing 24-27 inches tall, is a strong, imposing breed with a distinct look. The Dogo Argentino, another powerful breed, weighs 80-100 lbs and stands 24-27 inches. Similarly, the American Bulldog, often confused for a pitbull, weighs 60-100 lbs and is 20-25 inches tall, while the Cane Corso is even larger, weighing 80-120 lbs and standing 23-28 inches tall. These breeds, although visually similar, are not categorized as pitbulls and often have unique temperaments and purposes distinct from the pitbull-type breeds.
Why Doesn’t the AKC Recognize Pitbulls?
The American Kennel Club (AKC) does not officially recognize pitbulls as a breed because the term “pitbull” is an umbrella term that includes several dog breeds. These breeds, such as the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier, share similar physical traits but are distinct in terms of temperament and breeding history. The AKC has historically avoided recognizing breeds closely associated with dogfighting and practices like bull baiting, as these cruel activities conflict with their goal of promoting responsible dog ownership and stable breed standards. Instead, the AKC recognizes specific breeds like the American Staffordshire Terrier, which they consider to have a more stable temperament and well-documented breeding history.
For a breed to gain recognition by the AKC, it must meet certain criteria, including a well-established breed standard, a dedicated breed club, and a significant population of dogs that meet those standards. Since pitbulls are not a single breed but a grouping of several breeds and mixes with similar appearances, they do not meet the AKC’s recognition process requirements. This lack of recognition often leads to confusion, but it is rooted in the historical concerns surrounding pitbull-type dogs and their ties to inhumane activities.
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